This profile prepared by UN-Habitat provides a spotlight into 9 neighbourhoods of the Old City and 3 adjacent neighbourhoods. It builds on the Homs City Profile prepared in May 2014. The objective of this Profile is to provide a snapshot of the situation, emergency issues and future implications that the UN and humanitarian community can take into account.
Neighbourhood Profile: Old City of Homs
City Profile Homs. Multi Sector Assessment
Homs is the third largest city in Syria, after Aleppo and Damascus. The precrisis population of Homs was approximately 800,000. The city was well known for its integration of multi-cultural communities, as it received a big proportion of migrants from all the surrounding rural areas before the crisis.
City Profile Lattakia. Multi Sector Assessment
Lattakia is a major Syrian city situated on the Mediterranean Sea, Lattakia is an important port playing an essential role in the imports and exports for Aleppo (Syria's industrial capital) and for the Syrian Eastern Region. In 2010, the Syrian Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) estimated the population of Lattakia City at approximately 425,500 inhabitants.
City Profile Dara'a. Multi Sector Assessment
Dara'a is the central city of the Syrian southern region, located next to the borderline with Jordan. The precrisis population of Dara'a was approximately 117,000, and thus did not have a dominant population in the Governorate of Dara'a that had a population of 1,042,500 distributed in major secondary cities north and north west of Dara'a city.
City Profile Aleppo. Multi Sector Assessment
The crisis in Syria has had a significant effect on the country’s major cities, with large scale movements of population, damage to buildings and infrastructure and interruptions to markets. Cities represent multiple and inter-related formal and informal systems and need to be described and analysed in an integrated manner that captures the complexity of urban conditions.
UN-Habitat Syria, established in 2014, supported urban recovery planning facilitating voluntary, safe and dignified returns of populations, and assisting Syrians in the complex task of rebuilding their lives and communities. Since the collapse of the former regime in December 2024, UN-Habitat has focused its efforts on creating an enabling environment for returns of displaced populations, recovery of urban functionality and recovery of housing.
Impact
Urban numbers
Challenges
Syria has suffered from a protracted conflict since 2011, leading to massive destruction of housing and infrastructure in urban areas, as well as large scale displacement and population movements, from rural areas into cities, between cities, and within cities. This crisis has been further compounded by an economic crisis, crippling sanctions and the February 2023 earthquakes which further shook the nation. Since the collapse of the former regime in December 2024, there is renewed hope for a lasting solution to the conflict. However, complex housing, land, and property issues, in addition to the breakdown of social, economic, and basic services networks, continue to limit and restrict economic activities, returns, and recovery. UN-Habitat plays a key role in supporting recovery planning in urban areas, facilitating voluntary, safe and dignified returns of populations, and assisting Syrians in the complex task of rebuilding their lives and communities.
Donors and partners
In Syria, the recovery of urban areas is dependent on building successful partnerships with local authorities, civil society, UN partners, and with our key donors. Urban recovery relies on enabling policies, strong donor partnerships, and coordinated urban area based responses that directly respond to locally identified priorities. Therefore, UN-Habitat Syria in an urban advisory role has heavily invested in Joint Programming to ensure coordination amongst donors and our UN partners - and in strengthening the capacity of municipalities to develop and coordinate evidence-based response plans that have been locally consulted with all stakeholders.
Contact
Hiroshi Takabayashi
Head of Syria Programme
UN-Habitat Syria
Mezzeh, West Villas Ghazzawi Street, Al Kinana Avenue Damascus, Syria
Legacy content
As the Syria conflict enters its fifth year, the “What does it take to end the crisis?” campaign is gaining momentum. The hashtag #WhatDoesItTake has already been tweeted 26,000 times and the campaign has the potential to reach 60 million people. The campaign, however, is born out of frustration with the human cost of the Syrian conflict. Frustration with the fact that humanitarian assistance was never meant to be a solution. Everyone agrees, the solution to the Syria crisis is political. As such, the current stalemate can continue for many years. Or, the situation can change overnight. The question is, if the Syria crisis ends tomorrow, is the international community ready to support peace in Syria? If it comes, peace in Syria will be a “patchwork peace”. In some areas, the fighting will continue. In others, people will start returning, rebuilding their homes, looking for jobs, wanting to send their children to school. Many people will return to cities, believing that security will be better and that health care, schools and job opportunities will be more accessible. Do we know which cities and which neighbourhoods are more likely to support returns? How will we address the complicated issue of land and property rights? In addition to physical reconstruction, what will we do to help rebuild divided societies? If it comes, peace in Syria will bring a surge of private investment, again much of it in cities. Are we engaging with business leaders to understand the opportunities and challenges from their perspective? Do we have a prioritized plan for the critical infrastructure investments necessary to support economic recovery? How will we create the kinds of jobs that can convince youth to stop fighting and begin rebuilding their lives and communities? In fact, we do not need to wait for peace in Syria. We can start now to promote stabilization and recovery. The reality is that Syria today is a patchwork. True, some areas are devastated and will require massive investment to re-build. But there are many others where small investments can make a huge difference. Many cities and neighbourhoods have been free from conflict for more than a year. These areas require a different approach – one with a stabilization, recovery and even peace-building agenda. For the past 18 months, UN-Habitat has been experimenting with just this kind of approach, through pilot projects in Aleppo, Homs and Rural Damascus. The results have been encouraging. Syrians are eager to be consulted on their priorities. They contribute their own time and money to initiatives that support their coping strategies. And they protect the investments that have been made. The message is clear: after four years of conflict, we need a new approach to peace in Syria, one that begins with Syrians themselves. While local initiatives will not bring peace in Syria, they can help create practical local alternatives to continued conflict.