Este manual é o primeiro volume da série Promovendo o Desenvolvimento Econômico Local (DEL) através de Planejamento Estratégico. A série está dividida em Volume 1 – Guia Rápido, Volume 2 - Manual, Volume 3 – Conjunto de Ferramentas, e Volume 4 – Guia de Ações. O manual foi desenhado como uma referência para guiar partes interessadas e a equipe local de planejamento de DEL, passo a passo, através de um processo de estratégia de planejamento. Oferece uma estrutura de iniciação, análise a situação econômica local de cidades e comunidades, e estabelecimento de um consenso a respeito das prioridades de DEL, objetivos, estratégias e ações.

O processo no Manual desenvolveu-se em dez passos para um planejamento de excelência, e cada um desses passos é explicado e ilustrado detalhadamente. O manual pode ser utilizado para facilitar um processo de planejamento de estratégia participativo para DEL das partes interessadas, além de ajudar no desenho e na condução de oficinas de treinamento. A serie de quatro volumes DEL é um recurso para governos, empresas e organizações da sociedade civil locais preparados para iniciar e implementar intervenções de DEL através de um processo de planejamento estratégico cujos pertencimento e direcionamento sejam locais.

After a brief discussion of governance as a context for approaches to combating poverty, this paper presents tri-sector partnerships as an emerging strategy with the potential of being more effective than more narrowly conceived public-private partnerships.

These partnerships, involving the public sector, the private sector, and civil society organizations, are then examined in a systematic evaluation of such cases included in the UN-Habitat Best Practices database. The findings produce several specific policy implications and the key conclusions that effective partnerships include civil society groups in meaningful roles and function around clustered programme domains, the synergistic interrelationships of which can be strengthened through appropriate policy interventions.

Municipal Finance of Urban Development was prepared as a background paper for the UN-Habitat Global Report 2005. Financing Urban Shelter and a summary was included as Chapter 3 of the Global Report under the title, Municipal Finance: Conditions and Trends. It addresses the wide range of problems that face municipal authorities in financing urban development as they respond to the challenges of major shifts in their economic base resulting from falling trade barriers and a globalizing economy.

Concurrently, the devolution of administrative and financial responsibility from central governments has forced them to finance a growing proportion of their recurring and capital expenditures at a time when, in most countries, migrants constitute a growing proportion of their population. Local authorities have had to:

(1) Enhance their economic competitiveness.

(2) Meet the demands for public services.

(3) Expand and diversify the local tax base.

(4) Generate funding for capital investments.

Municipalities are but one actor in the financing of urban development, but in many ways they are the pivotal one because of their statutory powers and their ability to act on all sectors in a defined geographic space. Households and private enterprises are the developers and builders of urban communities and the owners and operators of economic activities. But unless the municipality can deliver to them the support infrastructure and services they need, orderly development will be impaired.

In emerging economies, the rapid pace of urbanization and large migratory flows have increased the pressure on local government spending for urban development. In most of these countries decentralization laws were enacted in the decade of the 80's and 90's amid fiscal deficits, financial crisis and political unrest, eroding local revenue and disrupting access to funds for capital investment.

This report examines the nature and scope of the housing problem, the housing sector and the financial sector in Indonesia. It describes the structure, patterns, trends, characteristics and evolution of housing finance. It reviews the main players of the housing finance system and driving forces for the change. It examines the strategies and instruments for mobilising domestic resources and the sources and volume of housing finance.

It looks at the structure of mortgage industry and factors constraining the development of housing finance mechanism. It also describes the major low income housing finance programs and initiatives and housing finance subsidies programs in Indonesia. Finally it looks at the alternatives for developing housing mechanisms in Indonesia.

This report examines the nature and scope of the housing problem in Peru. It reviews the evolution of the housing finance systems and main players of the housing finance system and driving forces for the change. It introduces mortgage finance development for medium and low income households with two case studies: Fondo and Creditos MIVIVIENDA.

It examines the residential mortgage market and its segments and constraints. It looks at factors constraining the development of housing finance mechanism and policies and strategies to overcome the bottlenecks for housing finance. It looks at the role of direct subsidies and other initiatives for low income households. Finally it looks at the alternatives for developing housing mechanisms in Peru, with focus on the development of a secondary mortgage market.

This report reviews the housing finance mechanisms and instruments in Bolivia. It consists of six parts. Part 1 provides an overview of the political, macro-economic and financial sector and its development issues in Bolivia. Part 2 describes the state of housing in Bolivia, including the nature and scope of the housing problem, the structure of the housing market and the construction industry.

Part 3 analyzes the evolution of housing finance and the driving forces behind its development; and examines the role of the State in establishing and promoting housing finance, a stable financial sector, and recent housing and housing finance policies. Part 4 illustrates the main housing finance products and instruments in Bolivia. Part 5 examines bottlenecks and factors constraining the development of housing finance mechanisms in Bolivia. Finally, it presents the lessons and recommendations for developing housing finance in Bolivia.

This report consists of five parts. Part one traces the origins of the debates surrounding conventional and alternative approaches to community development, against the broader backdrops of ‘need vs. asset’ and ‘people vs. place’ distinctions. Part two outlines the distinct perspectives of these two schools of thought on community development. Part three explores the barriers to asset-based approaches to community development.

Part four examines two case studies in Boston, USA, which illustrate the application of an asset-based approach to community development and housing development. Part five discusses the conclusion and lessons learned.

The report sets the Thai economy as a background for examining the housing finance system. It looks at the real estate market and housing market; the evolution of housing development and housing market. It reviews the provision of low income housing in Thailand. It examines the housing finance mechanisms in Thailand. It describes the structure, patterns, trends, characteristics and evolution of housing finance. It reviews the main players of the housing finance system and driving forces for the change.

It examines the strategies and instruments for mobilising domestic resources and the sources and volume of housing finance. It looks at factors constraining the development of housing finance mechanism and policies and strategies to overcome the bottlenecks for housing finance. It also describes the major low income housing finance programs and initiatives. Finally it looks at the alternatives for developing housing mechanisms in Thailand.

This guide sets out the key elements of a housing finance strategy and the process of developing a housing finance strategy, including the study of housing demand, identifying available resources, market forces and strategies to accomplishing housing finance goals and objectives. It provides assistance for member states on how to prepare successful housing finance strategies and action plans.

It guides member states in their future housing finance planning and better positions themselves to meet market potentials and address the gap between demand and supply in housing finance.

Hong Kong and Singapore have achieved a great deal in solving the housing problems for their people at all levels. This report examines the performance of housing markes and the relationship between economic development and housing markets in Hong Kong and Singapore.

It examines the housing systems and the types of government intervention, the impacts of government intervention in the housing markets in Hong Kong and Singapore.