These training materials have evolved from many years of work with managers representing a wide range of settings worldwide.

This report takes a good view of human settlements development which ft defines as the development of living conditions of the people, both in the context of the individual family and the community in which that family lives. It is the result of a field mission which took place in July 1989 in Viet Nam.

A report addressing the issues of operation and maintenance of infrastructure water facilities.

The urbanization of developing countries and the growth of spontaneous settlements are taking place on such a scale that national and local governments cannot cope with the demand for decent shelter conditions.

Deals with the necessity of energy conservation in developing countries as they become industralized and their populations grow - the need for increasing amounts of energy places a heavy burden on energy-supply systems.

Emphasizes the possibilities of using renewable sources of energy instead of conventional fuels to heat buildings in the cool season and to heat them in the hot season through the proper design and construction of buildings.

Describes a low-cost innovative sanitation technology which has particular application in high-density, low-income settlements.

This case study examines a successful example of supplying water to a rural settlement. Elements specific to this success are noted, as are aspects of the programme which need improvement.

Reports in a precise way on why inadequate water-supply and waste disposal management in developing countries is one of the consequences of the low priorities and limited funds assigned to these sectors in national development plans.