Climate change is as obvious as severe is the peril it suppose for ecosystems, infrastructure, livelihoods and health itself. We do have, however, ways to reduce its damages, decreasing the intensity of effects (mitigation) and minimizing the vulnerability to them (adaptation). To be successful both in mitigation and adaptation we must move simultaneously on the economic, social, environmental and political-institutional dimensions of human sustainable development, articulating the traditional development (brown) agenda and the environmental (green) agenda. In developing countries, where low responsibility matches with high vulnerability, this is, if possible, more decisive.