Since the early 1990’s aid modalities and their effectiveness have been repeatedly scrutinized with the aim to promote aid and thus development effectiveness through institutional harmonization, often referred to as Harmonization, Alignment and Coordination (HAC). HAC processes are under way in a growing number of developing countries.
They are based on the consensus reached between donor and recipient countries at high-level meetings on aid effectiveness and guided by the Millennium Declaration (2000) and the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).