The Guidelines for Middle Ger-area Upgrading address the urgent need for the incremental upgrading and provision of basic urban services in middle Ger areas. The major challenge in middle Ger areas is to make more efficient use of land resources and improve distribution of infrastructure and basic urban services through increased population density and land readjustment. With lower population densities, the costs of provision and coverage are very high and will necessarily be incremental and reflect the level of resources available. It will require fostering of partnerships and innovative ways for securing investment funds. Experience shows that upgrading is best approached as a community-led and, where appropriate, community implemented and community co-financed initiative.